Second Edition in Italian. The famous mathematical treatise, “I quindici libri degli elementi di euclide, di greco tradotti in lingua thoscana,” also known as “Elements” is attributed to Euclid. This volume was published in 1545 and translated by the Italian mathematician Niccolo Tartaglia in 1543.  “Elements” was first written and published circa 300 BCE in Alexandria, Egypt. The work consists of thirteen books and is a collection of proven theorems in mathematics with the contents broadly covering plane geometry, ratios and proportions, and spatial geometry. Many scholars believe the work to be a compilation of original work and theorems proven by other mathematicians, including Pythagoras.

“Elements” has proven to be immensely influential throughout the centuries: from Nicolaus Copernicus and Isaac Newton to Abraham Lincoln and Edna St. Vincent Millay. The text still serves as the foundation for geometry textbooks over 2,000 years after it was first written.